Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History Of Black Organizing And White Violence In Florida From Reconstruction To The Bloody Election Of 1920 (Volume 16)

"Emancipation Betrayed: The Hidden History of Black Organizing and White Violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the Bloody Election of 1920" by Paul Ortiz is a compelling exploration of the untold narratives of African American resilience and activism in the post-slavery era. Published on October 3, 2006, this book delves into the intense political and cultural struggles faced by black Floridians as they spearheaded what would become the first statewide civil rights movement against the oppressive Jim Crow laws. Ortiz masterfully recounts how, from the end of slavery to the harrowing election of 1920, these communities fought for higher wages, armed themselves against lynching, formed independent political alliances, and boycotted segregated streetcars. Central to this movement were the mutual aid organizations—ranging from secret societies to labor unions and churches—that bolstered African American dignity and survival. Particularly striking is the role of African American women, whose decisive mobilization ahead of the Nineteenth Amendment was pivotal. The culmination of their efforts led to the bloodiest Election Day in modern American history, a stark reminder of the violent resistance they faced. Ideal for college students studying racial justice and voting rights, this book not only sheds light on a critical era of United States history but also prompts readers to reflect on how the legacy of segregation continues to influence contemporary society.